How to Draw Foundation Plans Stucco Walls

Appendices

Calculations to bank check whether a proposed site will support a building

If there is incertitude whether the soil at a proposed site will support a edifice (see page xviii) it may be necessary to estimate both the weight of the planned building and the weight-bearing capacity of the soil. This department contains step-by-stride directions and tables for both these estimates.

Of import NOTE: The weight of a planned building cannot be estimated until the builders have decided:

• its size and shape;

• what its walls will be fabricated of and how thick they will exist;

• what kind of roof it will have.

CALCULATING A BUILDING'S WEIGHT PER SQUARE METER

Several calculations must be made to estimate a building'south weight per foursquare meter. For the purposes of estimation, figure that:

Equation i.

Weight per foursquare meter = [ weight of longest wall (kg) + weight of roof supported by longest wall (kg) ] / length of longest wall (m)

To find the weight per square meter, therefore, the planner commencement needs to determine each of the three items on the right side of Equation 1. Follow these steps:

Pace 1. Enter the planned length of the longest wall in Equation 1:

Equation 1.

Pace two. Summate the weight of the longest wall.

Equation 1.

(a) Use the following equation to determine the weight of the longest wall:

Equation 2

(b) Employ Table A to discover the weight per sq. meter for every centimeter of wall thickness of the material with which the building'due south walls volition exist built.

Table A
wall material	kg/sq. meter per centimeter wall thickness
physical cake	90
stabilized earth	125
sand-cement cake	75
adobe	125
stone/rock	150

(c) Multiply the number you detect in Table A by the thickness of the building's walls. The upshot volition

be the weight of one sq. meter of wall; enter it in the correct place in Equation two:

Equation 2

(d) Next, multiply the length of the longest wall in meters by its peak. The answer will exist the number of sq. meters in the wall. Enter this figure in the correct place in Equation

Equation 2

(eastward) Compute the weight of the longest wall based on the figures you lot have entered in Equation 2 in steps ii(c) and two(d).

STEP 3. Judge the weight of the roof supported past the longest wall.

Equation i

(a) Use the post-obit equation to estimate the weight of the roof supported by the longest wall:

Equation3

(b) Apply Table viii to find the estimated weight of the roof per sq. meter. If you are in doubtfulness about the roof-style planned, use the effigy on the table for apartment roofs. Enter the figure yous observe in Table B in Equation 3:

Table B
Roof style	Roof load per sq. 1000
pitched	170 kg
flat	190 kg

Equation three

Weight of roof supported past longest wall = weight of roof per sq. meter � number of sq. meters in roof

(c) Adjacent, multiply the length of the roof past its width. If the roof has not been planned withal, assume that it will be 1 meter longer and ane meter wider than the building. The reply will be the number of square meters in the roof. Enter this effigy in the correct place in Equation 3:

Equation 3

(d) Compute the weight of roof supported by the longest wall using the figures you accept entered in Equation 3 in steps 3(b) and 3(c).

STEP 4. Enter the figures you lot calculated in steps 1, ate), and three(c) in Equation 1, and calculate the weight of the edifice per square meter:

Equation 1

STEP v. Finally, compare the building'southward weight per square meter with the weight - begetting chapters of the soil at the site indicated in Table C.

Table C
Type of soil	Weight-bearing capacity (kg/sq.m)
Soft, blackness, drained marsh, or "make full"	4,900 - ten,000
Gravel, sand	29,400
Hard - packed clay	58,800
Rock	156,000

Weight per square meter

SAMPLE Calculation OF A Edifice'S WEIGHT PER Square METER

Here is a step-by-step sample of how the weight of a edifice would exist estimated, following the procedure outlined on pages 202-205.

Presume that the building pictured in a higher place is planned to be 7.5 meters long and 2.4 meters loftier along its longest wall; assume likewise that the walls volition be made of 20cm thick sand-cement blocks, and that the roof will be 8.7 meters long and 3 meters broad, with a pitched design. If the site selected for the building is soft, nighttime soil that can support iv,900 kg/sq. meter, can the edifice be constructed as planned?

Here are the calculations:

Equation 1

Weight per square meter = [ weight of longest wall (kg) + weight of roof supported past longest wall (kg) ] / length of longest wall

STEP 1. Enter the length of the longest wall in Equation 1:

Equation i

Step ii. Calculate the weight of the longest wall.

(a) Use Equation 2:

(b) Use Table A, folio 203, to find the wall's weight per foursquare meter for every centimeter of wall thickness.

The building's walls will exist made of sand-cement blocks which Table A says weigh 75 kg/aq. meter for every centimeter of wall thickness.

(c) Multiply the effigy you find in Table A by the thickness of the building's walls. The outcome will be the weight of 1 square meter of wall. Enter this answer in the correct place in Equation two.

The sand-cement blocks that will exist used volition exist 20cm thick. So a wall fabricated of these blocks volition weigh 75 kg/sq. meter 10 20cm thick = 1500 kg/square meter.

Inbound this answer in Equation 2:

(d) Multiply the length of the longest wall in meters by its summit and enter the result in the correct identify in Equation two.

The longest wall of the edifice volition be 7.v meters long and 2.4 meters high. 7.5 ten 2.4 = 18 square meters.

Inbound this answer in Equation 2:

(e) Compute the weight of the longest wall based on the figures you accept entered in Equation two in steps 2(c) and 2(d).

1500 kg/sq. meter 10 xviii sq. meters = 27,000 kg. Entering this result in Equation 1:

STEP three. Guess the weight of the roof supported by the longest wall.

(a) Use Equation 3:

Equation 3

(b) Utilise Tabular array B. folio 204, to find the estimated weight of the roof per foursquare meter. Enter this effigy in the right identify in Equation 3.

The roof is planned with a pitched roof that Tabular array B says volition weigh about 170 kg/sq. meter.

Entering this respond in Equation 3:

(c) Multiply the length of the roof by its pinnacle to find the number of square meters of roof infinite planned. Enter this effigy In the correct place in Equation iii.

The roof is planned to be 3 meters broad and eight.vii meters long. am x 8.7m = 26.1 square meters.

Entering this answer in Equation 3:

(d) Compute the weight of roof supported by the longest wall using the figures yous have entered in Equation 3 in steps iii(b) and iii(c).

170 kg/sq. meter x 26.1 sq. meters = 4,437 kg. Entering this effect in Equation 1:

Pace four. Calculate the weight of the edifice per foursquare meter, using the figures you calculated in steps ane, ii(e), and three(c) and Equation 1.

The edifice will counterbalance approximately 4,191 kg/sq. meter.

STEP v. Compare the building's estimated weight/foursquare meter with the weight-bearing chapters of the soil at the site. Use Table C, page 205.

According to Tabular array C, the weight-bearing chapters of the soft, dark soil at this site is four,900 kg/sq. meter. Since this building volition counterbalance but 4,191 kg/sq. meter, the building tin can be built safely at this site.

To determine whether the soil at any proposed site will back up a planned building, all the builder needs to do is substitute the figures for his/her building and site in the step-by-step equations on pages 202-205, equally shown.

Footstep-by-step directions for cartoon foundation plans

2 kinds of drawings are important aids to assist the field worker and customs members visualize their foundation plans and bank check their progress during construction:

• a cantankerous-section view of the footing and foundation wall; and

• a view from higher up of the basis and foundation wall measurements.

When a community grouping is ready to begin construction of the foundation, it's a proficient idea to help them build a modest sit-in section of ground and foundation wall that they tin can use forth with these drawings to check their progress. The demonstration department will help everyone run into what they accept planned to exercise; at the same time, information technology will give them practice in the structure techniques and skills they must use on the actual foundation.

DRAWING A Cantankerous-SECTION VIEW OF THE FOUNDATION

Drawing a cross-section view of the foundation is unproblematic. Here are examples of a cross-section for a rock foundation and for a block foundation wall. Both drawings evidence concrete footings as well:

Rock foundation wall

Drawing Ground AND FOUNDATION MEASUREMENTS (VIEW FROM Higher up)

Drawing the foundation measurements as they would look from to a higher place is also simple.

Hither are step-past-step instructions for cartoon the foundation measurements of a sample edifice:

i. Describe a solid line representing the outside dimensions of the walls of the edifice, This line will also represent the outside dimensions of the foundation wall.

Exterior wall

2. Draw a 2nd solid line within the starting time 1 to represent the inside dimensions of the building'south walls. This line will also stand for the inside dimensions of the foundation wall. The infinite betwixt the two lines should be exactly the width of the planned walls to scale.

The space betwixt the two lines

3. Subtract the width of the wall from the planned width of the foundation footing. Split up the residue in two and catechumen the answer into the scale dimension being used in the drawing. This figure represents the distance between the inner side of the wall and the inner side of the foundation basis.

4. Draw a dotted line inside the cartoon of the walls. This line represents the inner dimension of the footing. The infinite between it and the within solid line (step #2) should be exactly the altitude calculated in step #3.

Inside edge of footing

5. Draw a dotted line exterior the drawing of the walls. This line represents the outer dimension of the footing. The infinite between it and the outside solid line (step #1) should exist exactly the distance calculated in footstep #iii.

With of footing

6. On either side of the cartoon's length, add a solid line exactly as long equally the longest wall (that is, the longest outer solid line).

7. On either side of the drawing'due south width, add a solid line exactly as long as the longest wall (that is, the longest outer solid line).

Length and weight

8. Place a marking along each line from steps #6-seven wherever the outer wall turns a corner. Indicate the actual length of each directly section of wall.

Place a mark along each line

9. Outside the lines drawn in steps #6-7, draw two more solid lines exactly as long equally the length and width of the outer dotted line. Mark these lines to betoken the actual length of each straight section of foundation ground.

10. Underneath the completed drawing, write downwards what the footing and foundation wall will be made of and their cross-department dimensions.

11. The completed drawing is an bodily scale drawing showing the trenches that must be dug for the footing and the dimensions of the foundation walls.

Complet foundation plans

Estimating the amount of physical needed for a flooring

To estimate the corporeality of concrete needed for a floor, use the post-obit equation and table:

Equation

Table. SUGGESTED THICKNESS OF CONCRETE FLOORS

Purpose of Floor	Thickness (g)
Schoolhouse, Clinic, House	.100
Garage (for vehicles)	.125
Farm storage (heavy equipment)	.150

STEP 1. Observe the thickness of the concrete layer that should exist used for your building in the table, Enter this effigy in the Equation:

Footstep 2, Multiply the length of your building by its width to find out what floor space it will have. Enter this figure in the Equation:

Footstep 2. Multiply the length of your building by its width to find out what flooring space it will have. Enter this effigy in the Equation:

Cubic meters of concrete needed for floor = thickness of concrete layer (m) x floor area (sq. meters)

Effigy

In cases where the edifice will not exist a unproblematic rectangle, the total floor area can exist determined past multiplying the length and width of each split up room and then calculation the areas of all rooms together.

Sample Calculation:

Flooring area Room ane	= 2m x 2.0m	= four.0 sq. 1000
Floor area Room 2	= 1m x 1.5m	= one.5 sq. thousand
Floor area Room 3	= 1m ten 1.0m	= i.0 sq. m
Total Flooring Area		= 6.5 sq. m

In round buildings, the floor area will be the radius of the edifice squared times 3.xiv. The radius is the distance from the exterior of a circle to its center.

Sample Calculation:

Floor Area	= Radius (2m) x Radius (2m) 10 iii.14
	= iv sq. meters x 3.fourteen
	= 12.56 sq. meters

Calculation area

STEP iii. Enter the answers y'all found in steps i and 2 in the Equation and multiply them. The respond will represent the number of cubic meters of concrete that must be purchased or made for the flooring.

Sample Calculation (using figures for circular clinic shown above)

Cubic meters of concrete needed for floor	= thickness of concrete layer (m) � flooring area (sq. meters )
	= .10m x 12.56 sq. meters
	= i.256 cubic meters

Estimating materials needed to build walls

This department gives step-past-step directions for calculating the materials needed to build 3 types of wall: poured concrete, rammed earth, and brick/block.

POURED CONCRETE AND RAMMED World

To determine how much poured concrete or rammed world he/she needs, the builder must summate how many cubic meters of material information technology volition accept to "fill" the wall infinite.

Use the post-obit equation:

Equation .

Cubic meters of material needed for one wall = thickness of wall (meters) � wall expanse (sq. meters)

Poured physical / rammed earth form

STEP 1. Decide how thick the wall will be (meet page 34 for a discussion of what to consider when planning wall thickness}. Enter this effigy in the right office of the equation.

Stride 2. Calculate the wall area in square meters by multiplying the wall'southward length by its width.

STEP iii. Multiply the answers you found in steps 1 and 2. The outcome will be the cubic meters of concrete or rammed earth y'all will need to build that one wall.

Footstep four. Echo steps one through 3 for each wall of the building.

Stride 5. Add the cubic meters of concrete or rammed earth needed for all the walls of the building. The upshot will be the total number of cubic meters of concrete or rammed earth you volition need for the building.

Calculating Bags of Cement Needed for a Physical Wall

Builders who plan to purchase the cement for their concrete need to know how many sacks or bags of cement to buy. Once you have adamant how many cubic meters of concrete you will demand, finding the number of bags of cement is easy: just look the reply up in Table 3, in Appendix 4 (folio 222). To use the table, first, discover the concrete mixture yous plan to apply. In the case of walls, the mixture would be 1:two 3/4 :4 The table will and so tell you how many cubic meters of physical you will become from one sack of cement. Separate the number of cubic meters of physical you plan to apply by the amount you would get from one sack. The answer will be the number of sacks of cement you need to purchase.

Computing Wheelbarrowsful of Rammed Globe or Concrete Needed

Many builders desire to know how many wheelbarrows full of concrete or rammed earth they must bring to the structure site for wall construction: this information gives them an idea of how much work will be involved.

The number of wheelbarrowsful needed can be estimated by following these steps:

• Build a form exactly i cubic meter in size and count how many wheelbarrowsful of rammed earth or physical it takes to fill the grade.

• Multiply this number past the total cubic meters of cloth that are needed for construction (from Step 5, page 216). Your answer will tell yous how many wheelbarrowsful are needed.

Cake AND BRICK WALLS

To judge the number of blocks or bricks needed to build a wall, follow these steps:

Step one. Calculate the wall area in square meters by multiplying the wall'due south length by its width.

Pace ii. Note down the nominal size of the block face. The nominal confront of a block is the height and length of the block surface visible in the wall after the block is laid.

Block and brick walls

Step 3. Use the table beneath to find how many blocks or bricks of the size you programme to apply are needed to build i square meter of wall surface.

Estimate NUMBER OF BLOCKS OR BRICKS REQUIRED TO BUILLD 1 Square METER WALL SURFACE

Nominal Size of Face (cm)	Number of Blocks or Bricks Needed
7,5 ten xx	65
x.0 x 30	32,v
13.25 x xxx	25
15,0 x 30	22
20,0 x xxx	16,five
15,0 x 40	16,v
20.0 x 40	12,5
15,0 x lx	11

Step 4. Multiply the number you found in the table by the number of square meters of wall surface you found in stride ane, The event will be the approximative number of blocks or bricks needed to build the wall,

Sample Calculation:

How many blocks would it take to build a wall with 17 square meters surface area using blocks with a nominal face up 15cm 10 30cm?

The table shows that 22 15cm 10 30cm blocks are needed to build 1 square meter of wall area.

17 sq. meters 10 22 blocks/sq. meter = 374 blocks

STEP 5. Repeat steps one through 4 for each wall of the building and add the results. The total volition represent the number of blocks or bricks you must buy or make for the walls.

Annotation: Whatever judge of the number of blocks/bricks needed for a building'due south walls arrived at through this method will include actress blocks, since the space taken past window and door openings is treated as though it were filled in with blocks. Generally it is a adept idea to buy or make these actress blocks. This will give you a margin of fault for wasted or broken blocks.

Calculating Mortar Quantities

The amount of mortar needed to bail the blocks/bricks for a edifice depends on the number of blocks/bricks and their size. To calculate the amount of mortar needed for lam thick mortar joints, follow these steps:

• Dissever the number of blocks needed for the building by 100, For example, if the building requires 1,536 blocks, 1536 . 100 = xv.36.

• Use the table below to observe the cubic meters of mortar needed to lay 100 blocks. For example, if the nominal size of the blocks used will be 10cm 10 20cm x 40cm, .073 cubic meters of mortar would be needed to lay every 100 blocks.

• Multiply the answers plant in the higher up steps. For example, if 1,536 blocks of nominal size 10cm ten 20cm x 40cm are needed for a building's walls, multiply 15.36 x .073. xv.36 x .073 = i.12 cubic meters of mortar. Table 7 in Appendix five (page 224) may be used to determine how much cement, lime, and sand you will demand to make the mortar required for any building.

QUANTITIES OF MORTAR REQUIRED TO LAY 100 BLOCKS/BRICKS (Mortar for Joints 1cm Thick Including 25% Allowance for Waste)

Nominal Size of Blocks/Bricks (cm)	Cubic Meters of Mortar
10 x 13,25 ten thirty	.053
fifteen x 13,25 10 30	.053
20 10 13,25 x 30	.067
10 10 15 x 30	.065
fifteen ten fifteen ten 30	.065
20 x 15 x 30	.070
x 10 20 10 30	.061
15 ten xx x xxx	.061
xx x 20 10 thirty	.076
ten x 20 x xl	.073
15 x 20 x 40	.073
xx x 20 x 40	.092
25 x 20 x forty	.092
xxx 10 20 x 40	.092
15 x xv ten 60	.092
20 x 15 10 60	.115
25 x 15 10 60	.115
thirty x 15 10 lx	.115

Reference tables for concrete construction

Table 1

Recommended	Thickness of Concrete Slabs (cm)
Basement floors for dwellings	10
Porch floors	10-12.5
Stock barn floors	12.v-xv
Poultry house floors	10
Pig house floors	x
Milk business firm floors	10
Granary floors	12.5
Implement shed floors	fifteen
Tile floor bases	6.25

TABLE ii

Quantities of Materials Required to Build One Cubic Meter of Concrete (for Aggregates 2.5 Centimeters or Less)

Mixtures	Barrels of Cement	Cubic Meters of Sand	Cubic Meters of Stone
1:one:1�	iii.56	.40	.sixty
1:1:2	3.23	.36	.73
i:1:two�	two.90	.33	.81
1:i:three	two.64	.xxx	.89
1:one�:2	3.04	.43	.68
1:1�:3	two.44	.42	.84
1:13/4:2	2.75	.54	.62
1:1 3/four:2�	2.64	.51	.67
1: 1 3/four:2 3/4	2.44	.47	.80
one:2:three	2.24	.50	.77
ane:2:three�	2.07	.48	.83
1:2:4	1.95	.44	.88
1:ii:5	i.73	.39	•97
i :2�:2�	2.32	.59	.65
1 :2�:3	2.eighteen	.55	.74
1 :2�:4	1.91	.48	.86
1:2�:v	1.68	.42	.94
1:2�:3	2.xi	.59	.71
1 :two�:3�	1.98	.56	.78
i:2�:4	1.82	.51	.82
1:2�:iv�	1.82	.48	.87
1:2�:5	1.62	.46	.91
1:two three/iv ;four	1.74	.54	.79
i:iii:4	ane.66	.56	.75
1:iii:5	1.49	.51	.84
i:three:6	1.36	.46	.92

Table 3

Volume of Physical Construction per Sack of Cement (for Aggregates Non Larger than 2.5

Centimeters)

Concrete Mixtures	Cubic Meters of Concrete Per Sack of Cement	Concrete Mixtures	Cubic Meters of Physical Per Sack of Cement
one:1:1�	.07	one:2�:two�	.x
ane:1:2	.08	1:2�:3	.12
1:1:2�	.09	ane:2�:4	.13
1:1:3	.10	1:two�:5	.fifteen
1:1�:2	.08	1:2�:3	.12
one:1�:iii	.ten	one:ii�:3�	.xiii
one:ane iii/4:two�	.ten	1:2�:four	.14
1:ane �:two�	.10	one:ii�:iv�	.15
1:1 3/4:two 3/four	.10	one:2�:5a	.15
1:two:iii	.11	1:ii:3/four:4	.fourteen
1:ii:3�	.12	one:3:four	.14
1:two:4	.13	1:three:5	.17
ane:2:5	.14	one:3:6	.18

TABLE 4

Suitable Mixtures for Various Concrete Construction Projects

	Concrete Mixture
Floors
. 1 Course	1:1 3/iv:4
. Heavy Duty, I Class	1:1:2
. Farm Buildings	one:ii�:3
Foundation Walls and Footings	1:2 3/4:4
Basement Walls	1:2�:4
Tanks	i:ii:iii
Fence Posts	1:1:ane�
Retaining Walls	1:ii:3�
Barnyard Pavements	1:3:5
Lintels	1:2:iv
Beam Filling	1:3:four
Silo Pits	i:2�:3
Steps	1:2�:3

TABLE v

Approximate Number of Bricks Required to Build ten Square Meters of Exterior Wall Surface

(Mortar joints 1.25cm thick)

Wall Thickness (cm)	(Nominal) Size of Brick (cm)
	vi.5 x x x 20	seven.5 x ten 10 20	10 x x x 20	5.6 x 9.4 x 20
10	730	650	485	665
20	1455	1300	970	1330
30	2075	1950	1455	1995
40	2910	2600	1940	2660

Tabular array six

Mortar Required to Lay yard Bricks With 1.25cm Mortar Joints (10% Assart for Waste product Included)

NOMINAL SIZE OF BRICK: 10cm x 6.5cm 10 20cm 10cm x 7.5cm x 20cm 10cm x 10cm 10 20m

WALL THICKNESS

10cm*	.32 cu. meters	.33 cu. meters	.36 cu. meters
20cm	.42 cu. meters	.44 cu. meters	.50 cu. meters
30cm**	.45 cu. meters	.47 cu. meters	.55 cu. meters

* Figures for 10cm thick walls include mortar for bed and end Joints but.

** Figures for 20cm and 30cm thick walls include bed and end articulation mortar plus mortar for the vertical joints needed in double brick walls.

Tabular array 7

Materials Required To Brand 0,10 Cubic Meters of Mortar

Mortar Mixtures By Volume one part cement	50kg Sacks of Cement	25kg Sacks of Hydrated Lime or Clay Mortar	Cubic Meters of Sand
� part clay mortar	nine.79	4.11	0.75
3 parts sand
1 part cement
� part hydrated lime	vii.93	one.33	0.64
three parts sand
1 part cement
1 part hydrated lime	4.23	2.89	0.69
six parts sand
one part masonry cement	8.73		0.68
3 parts sand

Metric measurements used in this transmission and their U.Due south. equivalents

LENGTH

1 meter (m) = 39.37 inches = iii.28 feet = 1.31 yards

i centimeter (cm) = 0.01 meters = 0.3937 inches

ane pes = 0.3048 meters

one yard = 0.9144 meters

i inch = ii.54 centimeters

AREA

ane square meter = 10.76 square feet

(sq. m)

1 square foot = 0.3048 sg. Meters = 929 sq. centimeters

VOLUME

1 cubic meter = ane.308 cubic yards

(cu. thou)

1 cubic yard = 0.7646 cu. meters

WEIGHT

1 kilogram (kg) = two.2046 pounds

ane pound = 0.4536 kilograms

Sources of further information

NOTE: Wherever possible, the address through which copies of the following sources may be obtained has been listed. Several manuals are unpublished material that may simply be found in Peace Corps files. Questions about these materials should be sent to:

Peace Corps

Data Drove & Exchange

806 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20525

USA

BAMBOO:

one. McClure, F.A., Bamboo as a Edifice Material. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Foreign Agriculture Service, 1970. Write to:

Dept. of Housing and Urban Affairs

Division of International Diplomacy

Washington, D.C. 20410 USA

2. United nations Dept. of Economic and Social Diplomacy. The Utilise of Bamboo and Reeds in Building Construction. Publication ST/SOA/113. Refer to sales # E.72.Iv.three and write to:

United Nations Sales Section

New York, New York USA

CONCRETE Construction AND REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS:

three. Brann, Donald R. Physical Work Simplified, Revised Edition, Directions Simplified, Inc., 1971. Write to:

Directions Simplified, Inc.

Easi-Build Pattern Co., Inc.

529 North State Route

Briarcliff Manor, New York 10510 U.s.

4. Dalzell, James Ralph and Gilbert Townsend. Concrete Block Construction for Domicile and Subcontract. American Technical Society, Chicago, 1957. Write to:

American Technical Society

5608 Stony Isle Artery

Chicago, Illinois 60637 USA

5. Davies, John Duncan. Structural Concrete. MacMillan and Co., New York, 1964. Write to:

MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc.

Riverside, New Jersey 08075 USA

6. Gibson, J. Herbert. Concrete Design and Construction. American Technical Society, Chicago, 1951. Write to aforementioned address as #4 on page 226.

7. Putnam, Robert. Concrete Block Structure, third Edition. American Technical Social club, Chicago, 1973. Write to same address as #four on page 226.

8. Randall, Frank A. Jr. and William C. Panarese. Concrete Masonry Handbook. Portland Cement Clan, 1976. Write to:

Portland Cement Association

One-time Orchard Route

Skokie, Illinois 60076 USA

9. Waddell, Joseph J. Physical Construction Handbook, 2d Edition, McGraw Hill Co., New York, 1974. Write to:

McGraw Hill Book Co.

1221 Avenue of the Americas

New York, New York 10036 USA

x. Winter, George. Design of Concrete Structures, 8th Edition. McGraw Colina Co., New York 1972. Write to same accost as #ix to a higher place.

FOUNDATIONS AND FOUNDATION DESIGNS:

11. Brann, Donald R. Forms, Footings, Foundations, Framing. Directions Simplified, Inc., 1974. Write to same address as #three, page 226.

12. Carson, Arthur Brinton. Foundation Construction. McGraw Hill Co., New York, 1965. Write to same address as #ix above.

xiii. Chellis, Robert Dunning. Pile Foundations, 2nd Edition. McGraw Loma Co., New York, 1961. Write to same address as #9 above.

14. Ulrey, Harry R. Carpenters and Builders Library: Layouts, Foundations, Framing. Theodore Audel & Co., Indiannapolis, 1974. Write to:

Bobb-Merrill Co. Inc.

4300 West 62nd Street

Indiannapolis, Indiana 46268 U.s.

Cake AND BRICK CONSTRUCTION {MASONRY):

15. Boudreau, Eugene H. Making the Adobe Brick. Fifth-Street Printing, New York, 1971. Write to:

Bookworks

Random House, Inc.

457 Hahn Road

Westminster, Maryland 21157 USA

16. Busch, Lawrence. Structure With Pressed Earth Block (Togo). Peace Corps: write to address on pinnacle of page 226.

17. Dalzell, J. Ralph. Simplified Masonry Planning and Building. McGraw Hill, New York, 1953. Write to aforementioned address as #9 above.

18. Dixon, Michael. Field Manual for Production of Bricks in a Rural Expanse (Pakistan). Peace Corps: write to accost on pinnacle of folio 226.

19. Frankly, Lee. The Masonry Firm: Step-by-Step Structure in Tile and Brick. Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, New York, 1950. No address bachelor.

20. Ray, J. Edgar. Revised by Harold Five. Johnson. The Art of Bricklaying. Charles A. Bennett Co., 1971. Write to:

Charles A. Bennett Co., Inc.

809 West Detweiller Drive

Peoria, Illinois 61614 U.s.

21. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Building With Adobe and Stabilized Earth Blocks. Dept. of Agriculture Leaflet No. 2535. Write to U.Southward. Dept. of Agriculture, Independence Avenue, Washington, D.C. N.Due west. USA

WOOD-FRAME Construction:

22. Anderson, Leroy Oscar. How to Build a Wood-Frame Business firm. Dover Press, 1973. (Reissue of the revised 1970 Edition of the U.Due south. Dept. of Agriculture Handbook No. 73, originally pulbished by Government Printing Office under the championship of Forest-Frame House Construction.) Write to same address every bit #21 in a higher place, or to:

Dover Publications, Inc.

180 Varick Streeet

New York, New York 10014 USA

23. Anderson, Leroy Oscar. Low-Cost Wood Homes for Rural America: Structure Manual. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Handbook No. 364. Write to same address equally #21 in a higher place.

24. Blackburn, Graham. Illustrated Housebuilding. Overlook Press, 1974. Write to:

Overlook Printing

c/o Viking Press

625 Madison Avenue

New York, New York 10022 USA

25. Brann, Donald R. How to Build an Addition. Directions Simplified, Inc., 1975. Write to aforementioned address every bit #iii, page 226.

LATRINES:

26. Karlin, Barry. Thailand's H2o-Seal Privy Program: A Procedural and Technical Review. U.S.O.M., Korat, Thailand. Write to the Peace Corps at the accost on tiptop of page 226, or to the author at:

American Public Health Association

1015 18th Street, N.Due west.

Washington, D.C. USA

27. Wagner, Edmund G. and J.N. Lanoix. Excreta Disposal for Rural Areas and Small Communities. World Wellness Organisation, Geneva, 1958. Write to:

Q Corporation

49 Sheridan Avenue

Albany New York, 12210

System AND Management OF Self-HELP CONSTRUCTION GROUPS:

28. Peace Corps (Jamaica). Manual for Supervising Self-Help Home Construction with Stablilized Earth Blocks. Write to address on top of page 226.

29. Warner, Jack R. Handbook of Construction: Peace Corps Training Transmission. Longmans Dark-green and Co., London. Write to address on top of page 226.

ESTIMATING Structure MATERIALS AND COSTS:.

thirty. Cooper, F. Building Construction Estimating. McGraw Colina Co., 1959. Write to aforementioned address as #9 on page 227.

General Construction

31. Alcock, A.East.S. and Richards. How to Build: Setting Out. Longmans Co., London, 1960. Write to:

Longmans, Inc.

19 W 44th Street

Suite 1012

New York, New York 10036 USA

32. East Pakistan (Bangladesh) Public Works. Building Pattern Manual. Dacca, 1965. Write to accost on pinnacle of folio 226.

33. Fullerton, Richard L. Building Structure in Warm Climates, Volumes 1 and 2. Oxford Tropical Handbooks, Oxford University Press, London, 1967. Write to:

Oxford University Press, Inc.

200 Madison Avenue

New York, New York 10016 The states

34. Intermediate Applied science Group. Intermediate Technology Series: Manual on Building Construction. Parnell House, London. Write to:

Intermediate Technology Grouping

Parnell House

London, ENGLAND

35. Peace Corps (Togo). Structure Handbook: In-Country Training. Peace Corps, 1974. Write to address on top of page 226.

36. Ulrey, Harry F. Carpenters and Builders Library: Tools, Steel Square, Joinery. Theodore Audel & Co., Indiannapolis, 1974. Write to same address as #14, page 227.

37. U.Southward. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Office of International Affairs. Como Fabricar Una Casa Usanda. Tecnica Ayuda Propia. Government Press Office, 1974. Write to aforementioned address as #i, page 226, or to:

U.S. Government Printing Office

Northward Capitol Street, North.W.

Washington, D.C. USA

''Homo measuring pieces'' for designing room size and floor plan

Human measuring pieces
Human being measuring pieces - continue 1
Human measuring pieces - go along two
Planning pieces

vierapospot1968.blogspot.com

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